WikiPeru • The Encyclopedia of Peru
José de La Mar, born in 1776 in Cuenca (modern-day Ecuador, which was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru at the time), was an important figure in Peruvian history, having served as president of Peru twice, in 1822-1823 and again in 1827-1829. La Mar played a crucial role in the consolidation of the young Peruvian republic after its independence. Though his presidency was marked by internal political conflicts and tensions with neighboring countries, he is remembered as a moderate and patriotic leader.
Before entering politics, La Mar had a military career. He served in the Spanish army during the Napoleonic Wars before returning to South America to join the fight for independence. He fought alongside the patriot forces against the Spanish royalists, distinguishing himself as a capable and loyal military commander. After the victory of the independence forces, he joined the early republican administrations of Peru.
La Mar first became president of Peru in 1822 after the resignation of José de San Martín, but his initial term was short-lived. He later became president again in 1827, following the collapse of Simón Bolívar's government and the withdrawal of Bolivarian troops from Peru. His second term was characterized by efforts to stabilize the country and assert Peruvian sovereignty.
As president, José de La Mar faced significant challenges, including tensions with Gran Colombia, led by Bolívar, particularly over territorial disputes between Peru and Colombia. In 1828, a war broke out between Peru and Gran Colombia over these territorial disagreements, especially concerning the region of Guayaquil. Although early Peruvian military campaigns saw some success, La Mar was overthrown in a military coup in 1829, led by General Agustín Gamarra.
After his deposition, La Mar was exiled to Central America, where he spent his remaining years. He died in 1830 in Costa Rica.
Despite the challenges of his presidencies, José de La Mar is often seen as an honest and moderate president, attempting to stabilize Peru during turbulent times. His role in the early years of the Peruvian Republic, particularly in territorial conflicts with neighboring countries, left a lasting impact on the nation's history.