WikiPeru • The Encyclopedia of Peru
Felipe Santiago Salaverry was one of the youngest and briefest leaders in Peruvian political history. Born on May 3, 1806, in Lima, he became president of Peru at just 28 years old after seizing power in a coup in 1835. Salaverry is a key figure in the turbulent period following Peru’s independence, marked by civil wars and conflicts between military factions.
Born into a modest family, Salaverry quickly distinguished himself with his military talents. He joined the army at a young age and rose through the ranks due to his abilities as a commander. After Peru's independence, he participated in several military campaigns and established himself as an important figure in the country’s political and military landscape.
In 1835, with Peru in political chaos, Salaverry orchestrated a coup against President Luis José de Orbegoso, taking advantage of the instability and internal divisions. Salaverry quickly took control of Lima and declared himself president. However, his rise to power was not recognized by all factions in the country, and he faced internal rebellions.
During his brief presidency, Salaverry attempted to stabilize the country and reorganize the government. He sought to strengthen the military and suppress insurrections that threatened his rule. However, his government was immediately challenged by the alliance between Orbegoso and Bolivian General Andrés de Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, who aimed to establish the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, launched a military campaign against Salaverry, intending to overthrow him and restore Orbegoso as leader of Peru.
In 1836, Salaverry led a desperate campaign against Santa Cruz’s forces but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Socabaya in February 1836. Captured by Bolivian forces, Salaverry was executed by firing squad on February 18, 1836, at just 29 years old.
Although his reign was brief, Felipe Santiago Salaverry remains an important figure in Peruvian history due to his bold attempt to seize power during a period of deep instability. He is often seen as a dynamic young leader who tried to stabilize Peru but fell victim to the military conflicts and regional ambitions that characterized this period of South American history.